What VA covers — and what they don't allow lenders to charge
The VA caps what lenders can charge a VA borrower at closing. The big rule is the 1% origination fee cap — your lender can charge no more than 1% of the loan amount in origination fees, period. The VA also prohibits lenders from charging the borrower for certain fees that are considered "non-allowables." If a lender tries to charge you these, push back or walk:
Non-allowable fees the VA borrower is not supposed to pay:
- Attorney fees (other than title work the buyer chose)
- Brokerage fees (paid by seller, by tradition and contract)
- Lender's appraisal cost (in addition to VA appraisal)
- Document preparation fees by the lender
- Postage, escrow fees beyond standard amounts
- Notary fees
The seller, agent, or lender must absorb these. In Hampton Roads, this is well understood — most title companies and lenders have a VA-specific closing fee schedule that strips these out.
What you DO pay at closing
| Cost | Typical HR amount | Who pays | |---|---|---| | VA funding fee | $5K–$15K | Buyer (or rolled into loan) | | VA appraisal | $675–$850 | Buyer (paid upfront, not at close) | | Home inspection | $400–$600 | Buyer (paid upfront) | | Lender origination (capped at 1%) | $0–$3,400 on $340K | Buyer | | Title insurance (lender's policy) | $1,200–$2,000 | Buyer (lender's), Seller (owner's) — varies | | Recording fees | $100–$300 | Buyer | | Survey (if required) | $400–$700 | Buyer | | Property tax escrow (3–6 months) | $850–$2,000 on $340K | Buyer | | Homeowners insurance (1 year prepaid) | $1,200–$2,400 | Buyer | | Discount points (optional) | 0%–2% of loan | Buyer's choice |
Typical out-of-pocket on a $340K Hampton Roads VA purchase: $7,000–$12,000 before any seller concessions, before rolling the funding fee into the loan.
Seller concessions — the 4% rule that wins HR deals
VA loans allow seller concessions up to 4% of the purchase price. This is one of the most powerful negotiating tools you have in Hampton Roads. On a $340K home, 4% = $13,600 — enough to cover the funding fee, lender fees, prepaids, and put cash back in your pocket.
What concessions can pay for:
- VA funding fee (most common)
- Discount points (to buy down your rate)
- Property tax and insurance prepaids
- Closing costs (lender fees, title, recording)
- Owner-financed temporary buydowns (2-1 buydown is common — seller pays to lower your rate by 2% in year 1, 1% in year 2)
- Up to 1 year of HOA dues prepaid
Where seller concessions are negotiable in HR:
- Listings on market 30+ days (high)
- November–February closings (high — slow season)
- Homes with motivated sellers (job change, divorce, estate)
- Homes that need cosmetic work but pass MPRs
- Properties priced at or above the neighborhood comp range
Where they're hard to get:
- New listings in summer PCS season (May–August)
- Homes priced under the comp range with multiple offers
- Hot neighborhoods (Larchmont, Western Branch, Kings Grant)
We calibrate the concession ask to the specific deal. On about half of our HR VA closings, we get 2–4% in concessions. That is real money — it can convert a "we can't afford this" into a "we close in 30 days."
Lender credits — the other lever
Some HR lenders offer lender credits in exchange for a slightly higher interest rate. Example: lender offers $4,000 credit toward closing costs in exchange for a 6.625% rate vs 6.50%. The math: that $4,000 saves you cash today; the 0.125% higher rate costs you about $25/month. Break-even is 13 years. If you plan to be in the home long-term, the lower rate wins. If you plan to PCS in 3 years, the credit wins.
We have seen lender credits as high as $7,500 on $400K+ loans in HR. The trade-off is always rate-vs-cash; we run both scenarios in writing for every client.
Negotiating closing costs — how we approach it
The standard HR play, in order:
- Ask for 3% seller concessions in the offer. Frame it as a closing-cost contribution, not a price reduction (psychologically easier for the seller).
- Get a Loan Estimate from at least three lenders. Compare apples to apples. The "rate" on a TV ad is not the rate.
- Ask the lender to itemize and remove non-allowables. This is your right under VA rules. Get it in writing.
- Decide on points / lender credits based on tour length. Long tour = points worth it. Short tour = credit worth it.
- Have the title company give you a preliminary settlement statement 5 days before close. Not 24 hours. Five days. It gives you time to catch errors.
We coordinate all of this with our buyers. It is the single biggest place where having a HR VA-savvy agent saves you money — typically $3,000–$7,000 on a $340K deal.